Parking Survey at Schools of Languages, Literacies and Translations, Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang.

                                        

               Title            :  Parking Survey               

                     Study Case :  Schools of Languages,Literacies and Translations,

                                           Universiti Sains Malaysia.

PREPARED BY

LINA MARDHIAH BINTI MAT YUSOF          114652

MICHELLE SAPITANG                                        114659

MOHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN AHMAD                 114667

MUHAMMAD ADAM BIN CHE YUSOF          114681

NUR FATIN BINTI MOHD ZUKI                      114728

YONG AFIQAH BINTI ABDUL RAHIM          114829

ABSTRACT

            This study aims to review the level of demand and supply for parking areas as needed at Schools of Languages, Literacies and Translations, Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang.  This study will identify issues and problems related to parking and level of provision of car parking facilities to meet the needs of consumers.  This study consists of five divisions.  The first section describes advances and goals to be achieved.  Part two describes the theoretical research or scientific literature that will explain in detail about the study.  The third part is about background of the study area involving key plan, site plan and location plan.  Part four will show the analysis and findings. The fifth part will submit proposals that are expected to help in repairing problems found and a guide to develop new ideas on parking problems.

1.0       INTRODUCTION

1.1       Introduction to the Survey

Nowadays, the progress of the Malaysian population requires own vehicle to the destination quickly and comfortably. The problems that are often encountered where the rate of parking space demand higher than supply parking area.

The demand for parking spaces is increasing due to some factors. One of those is increase in the number of private car ownership. People here are likely prefer private transportation mode rather than public transportation becouse the public transportation services are not satisfied.

This parking demand survey is to get the information, problems and identify whether the parking adequate or not. The survey was held at School of Languages, Literacies and Translation.

Parking is an important campus resource. A rich and vital academic community is highly dependent on the interactions among faculty, students and researchers. Convenient campus access facilitates that interaction; and parking plays a key role in supporting access. For some faculty members, especially, adequate parking is critical in creating and maintaining campus intellectual lifethe campus as a place to come frequently and to spend long periods of time.

At the same time, parking poses difficult land use, sustainability and cost questions, especially for campuses like Universiti Sains Malaysia with limited available land and challenged budgets.

1.1       Importance 0f Parking

An adequate parking area, comfortable and safe as a convenience to the user to be able to leave their vehicles with security. Shortage of parking is not able to be resolved by the provision of a new parking lot without any support measures. Therefore, a review of parking standards for all new towns in Peninsular Malaysia needs to be done.

2.0       AIM AND OBJECTIVE

2.1       Study Aims

·                     To Review the level of demand and supply for parking areas as needed.

·                     To give the suggestion for the solution of problem.

·                     To give some idea to solve some problem stated.

2.2       Objectives of The Study

·                     Provision of car parking layout plan of systematic

·                     Identify issues and problems related to parking

·                     Identify the level of provision of car parking facilities to meet the needs of consumers.

3. 0      LITERATURE STUDY

3.1.      Overview

Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing road traffic. It is an impact of transport development. The availability of less space in areas has increased the demand for parking space. This affects the mode choice also.

3.2       Parking Surveys

Parking surveys are conducted to collect the above said parking statistics. The most common parking surveys conducted are in-out survey, fixed period sampling and license plate method of survey.

1. In-out survey: In this survey, the occupancy count in the selected parking lot is taken at the beginning. Then the number of vehicles that enter the parking lot for a particular time interval is counted. The number of vehicles that leave the parking lot is also taken. The final occupancy in the parking lot is also taken. Here the labor required is very less. Only one person may be enough. But we wont get any data regarding the time duration for which a particular vehicle used that parking lot. Parking duration and turn over is not obtained. Hence we cannot estimate the parking fare from this survey.

2. Fixed period sampling: This is almost similar to in-out survey. All vehicles are counted at the beginning of the survey. Then after a fixed time interval that may vary between 15 minutes to i hour, the count is again taken. Here there are chances of missing the number of vehicles that were parked for a short duration.

3. License plate method of survey: This results in the most accurate and realistic data. In this case of survey, every parking stall is monitored at a continuous interval of 15 minutes or so and the license plate number is noted down. This will give the data regarding the duration for which a particular vehicle was using the parking bay. This will help in calculating the fare because fare is estimated based on the duration for which the vehicle was parked. If the time interval is shorter, then there are less chances of missing short-term parkers. But this method is very labor intensive.

3.3       Methodology Of Parking Studies

•      A comprehensive parking study involves :-

i.          Inventory of existing parking facilities

ii.         Identification of parking generators

iii.        Collection of information on parking demand

i. Inventory of existing parking facilities

An inventory of existing parking facilities is a detailed listing of the location and all other relevant charismatic of each legal parking ficility, private and public in the study area. The inventory includes both a\on and off sheet facilities and the relevant characteristic include the following:-

i.          Type and number of paring spaces of each parking facilities

ii.         Times of operation and limit on duration of parking

iii.        Type of ownership (public or private)

iv.        Parking Fee and method of collection

v.         Restriction (loading and unloading zones,bus stops)

The information obtained from an inventory of parking facilities is usefull both to traffic engineers or planning department. The inventory should be updated at regular interval of four to five years period.

ii. Collection of Parking Data

Accumulation data are obtained by checking the amount of parking during regular intervals on different days of the week. The selection of the times depends on the operation times of and lead use activities that act as parking generators. The information obtained is useful in determining hour variations of parking and peak periods of parking demand.

Turnover and duration : Information on turnover and duration usually obtained by collecting data on a sample of parking spaces in a given block this is done by recording the license plate of the vehicle parked on each parking spaces in the sample at the ends of fixed intervals during the study period   

iii. Identification of Parking Generators

This involves identifying parking generators (shopping centre, transit terminals) and locating these on a map of the study area

iv. Parking Demand

Information on parking demand is obtained by interviewing drivers at the various parking facilities. Information sought should include:-

i.          Trip origin

ii.         Purpose of trip

iii.        Drivers destination after parking

iv.        Location of the parking facility

v.         Time of arrival and departure

vi.        Type of vehicle

3.4       Parking Survey Study

Parking surveys are carried out to obtain information on parking problems in the area. The common type of parking students incluce parking supply and usage survey. Parking Supply Surveys are covered with obtaining detailed information regarding those on sheet and off sheet features which influence the provision of parking space existing situation with regard to parking space and how it is controlled. A typical survey would regain an inventing of the on-sheet and off-sheet car parked survey the traffic are being studied. A parking supply survey can be considered as being composed of three main part:-

•      i.          On-Sheet space inventory

•      ii.         Sheet regulation inventory

•      iii.        Off-Sheet space inventory

The supply study class provides the basis for evaluating the available space-hours of parking as well as the parking turn over at any particular location

3.5       Parking Usage Surveys

•      The parking phenemenon is based on the law of supplying and demand, where by supply is the total number of spaces available within in designed area

•      Demand is the desire to park based solely on the reaction of the trip destination

•      Usage is associated with parking which reflect the desire to park close to the destination and the desire to park at a reasonable cost.

•      If te parking supply is in excess, then the true demand can be determined by _____ of a (i) Parking Concentration Survey

•      If the parking supply is less, than an indication of the demand may be obtained by hears of (ii) A direct interview parking survey

1. Concentarion study

•      The purpose of a concentration survey is to determine NOT only wheele vehicle. Car park, BUT also the actual numbers parked at any given instant at all locations whithin the survey area

•      Information regarding the numbers of vehicles parked (legal or illigally) at each street and alley are then noted as prepaired form

•      Where manpower is limited,it is generally better to carry out on-sheet survey on a sample basis using short trip intervals.

•      If sampling is used,care must be taken to ensure that it is representative and causes all type of parking so that the results can be sealed up to guide a picture of the whole area

•      The off-street phase of the concentration survey can be carried out by counting number of vehicles,[arked at regular intervals in each facility(ie. By carrying a cordow cocat of the vehicles entering and leaving the car park facility)

2. Parker Interview Survey

•      The most comprehensive and expensive of parking survey, normally involvesinterviewing motorists at their places of parking, origins and destinations of trips and purpose of the trip

•      If required, information must includes the number,sex,age of each vehicles occupation

•      When man power availibility is limited, particularlly in area subject to long parking duration, parking postcard survey is an alternative desition

•      The problem with this type of survey is that the result obtained from it is statistically in the occurred unrepresentative and they leads to incorrect conclusions and deduction.

3.8       Type of Parking

i)          On street parking

On street parking means the vehicles are parked on the sides of the street itself. This will be usually controlled by government agencies itself. Common types of on-street parking are as listed below. This classification is based on the angle in which the vehicles are parked with respect to the road alignment. As per IRC the standard dimensions of a car is taken as 5× 2.5 metres and that for a truck is 3.75× 7.5 metres.

Parallel parking: The vehicles are parked along the length of the road. Here there is no backward movement involved while parking or unparking the vehicle. Hence, it is the most safest parking from the accident perspective. However, it consumes the maximum curb length and therefore only a minimum number of vehicles can be parked for a given kerb length. This method of parking produces least obstruction to the on-going traffic on the road since least road width is used. Parallel parking of cars is shown in figure 3.1. The length available to park N number of vehicles, L = N/5.9

30◦ parking: In thirty degree parking, the vehicles are parked at 30◦ with respect to the road alignment. In this case, more vehicles can be parked compared to parallel parking. Also there is better maneuverability. Delay caused to the traffic is also minimum in this type of parking. An example is shown in figure 3.1. From the figure,

AB = OBsin30◦ = 1.25,

BC = OPcos30◦ = 4.33,

BD = DQcos60◦ = 5,

CD = BD − BC = 5 − 4.33 = 0.67,

AB + BC = 1.25 + 4.33 = 5.58

For N vehicles, L = AC + (N-1)CE =5.58+(N-1)5 =0.58+5N

45◦ parking: As the angle of parking increases, more number of vehicles can be parked. Hence compared to parallel parking and thirty degree parking, more number of vehicles can be accommodated in this type of parking. From figure 3.2, length of parking space available for parking N number of vehicles in a given kerb is L = 3.54 N+1.77

60◦ parking: The vehicles are parked at 60◦ to the direction of road. More number of vehicles can be accommodated in this parking type. From the figure 3.3, length available for parking N vehicles =2.89N+2.16.

Right angle parking: In right angle parking or 90◦ parking, the vehicles are parked perpendicular to the direction of the road. Although it consumes maximum width kerb length required is very little. In this type of parking, the vehicles need complex maneu-vering and this may cause severe accidents. This arrangement causes obstruction to the road traffic particularly if the road width is less. However, it can accommodate maximum number of vehicles for a given kerb length. An example is shown in figure 3.4. Length available for parking N number of vehicles is L = 2.5N.

ii)         Off street parking

In many urban centres, some areas are exclusively allotted for parking which will be at some distance away from the main stream of traffic. Such a parking is referred to as off-street parking. They may be operated by either public agencies or private firms. A typical layout of an off-street parking is shown in figure 3.5.

Example 1

From an in-out survey conducted for a parking area consisting of 40 bays, the initial count was found to be 25. Table gives the result of the survey. The number of vehicles coming in and out of the parking lot for a time interval of 5 minutes is as shown in the table 41:1. Find the accumulation, total parking load, average occupancy and efficiency of the parking lot. 

4.0       STUDY AREA

4.1       Key Plan

 The School Of Languages, Literacies And Translation (SOLLAT) is located at Jalan Canselor, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Minden, Pulau Pinang (refer diagram 4.1: Key Plan and diagram 4.2: Location Plan). The Location of the selected site is near to the Pusat Teknologi Pengajaran & Multimedia and Anjung Budi.


4.2       Location Plan

6.0       Recommendation

6.1       Location

The provision of parking should be concerned with the criteria of selection for the parking of vehicles. The location should be appropriate in order to optimize the use of space. This is to reduce the waste of any space for the parking requirements. In addition, the selection should be strategically located which are easy for accessibility to all user to the destinations. The determination of location also is fundamental when we need to design he routes flow in and out of the vehicles. This is to establish the safety and comfort of the user so that there is no conflict of parking areas.

6.2       Create A ‘User-Friendly’ Design Concept

The design of parking should emphasize the use of all type of user. For educational institutions, the categories of user includes are student, staff or officer and visitors. The concept of user-friendly should provide the parking Disable person(OKU). The concept of user friendly should be design with safe, comfortable, good accessibility and facilities such asramp, rail walkway (OKU), rooftops walkway and other related elements.

6.3       Provision 0f Designs of Landscape and Site Amenities

The design of landscape should be required in the parking area but it must consider the suitability of the site proposed. The soft landscape provide comfort and aesthetics to the parking areas. The characteristics of planting the trees should be appropriate where the trees have a broad canopy for shade, and also it does not prevent public view and create a harmonious environment to the parking area. Besides, for some of the elements of site amenities should also to be considerin terms of signs, design of parking lots, pavements and other elements. The provision of signageshould deliver the information clearly and is placed in an open area to facilitate the public. Furthermore, the design of parking lots with the appropriate tile elements to attracts. Tile of the parking lot also is very useful which some of the tiles can absorbs heat and water flow such as grass crete, pervious concrete and porous asphalt. All the elements of landscape and amenities is required which able to create aa systematic of parking area and functional to the user.

6.4       Design Of the Parking Of Motorcycle

The design of the motorcycle parking should be consider for the convenience of the motorcyclist. It should be designed based on the guidelines that have been set up. The parking of motorcycle must be contrasted with other transport so that to build a privacy for the motorcyclist. There must provide an elements such as bollard in order to give comfort to the user. The safety of the parking also need to be consider. It must be complemented with the facilities such as a structural of the steel to lock their own motorcycle. The location of motorcycle parking also should provide a rooftops  place so that to build a convenience to the user.

7.0       SUMMARY

Based on the analysis that have been carried out,  the demand of the parking still need in the study area. The reason is the number of people who use the parking is increasing day by day. The demand of parking is increasing for the peoples in educational institution mainly among the student. There is a lot of illegal parking in such area that are not supposed to park such as the roadside. This problem could be seen at peak hour where the area could be crowded. This should make an improvement towards the existing parking to overcome these problem that have been occurred. It should be design properly with the provision of some facilities such as rooftop walkway in order to make peoples to reduce the car usage and to ensure them to walk. 

Besides, the design of the parking should be optimal and is prepared according to the planning standards. The number of parking is differences for each of the landuse. It should be designed with a better site location to create a comfort and safety  toall user. It should be seriously considered so that there is no conflict in the future development.Therefore, it can be conclude that the planning of parking should be accurately in order to create a sustainable environment and better quality for the future user.

REFERENCE

1.      Traffic Engineering And Management.Chapter 41. Parking Studies; Dr. Tom V. Mathew, IIT Bombay; April 2, 2012.

2.      Trafic and transport planning;Parking;UzairiB.Saidin;November 23,2011.

3.      State College traffic and parking survey, Pennsylvania. Dept. of Highways,1955

4.      Houston Central Business District Parking Survey, Texas Highway Department, Highway Planning Survey, 1953 - Automobile parking

5.      Research on Transport Economics 2000, By OECD, European Conference of Ministers of Transport

6.      City of Honolulu Parking Survey: Central Business District, The Survey, 1951